PhD Thesis Psychological collectivism and mental toughness in traditional Wushu
Fieldwork in China
2017
Video: The Angles of Shaolin
During a field trip for my PhD research in China I visited two schools near the Shaolin Temple area, Deng Feng. You can see them in the video just after the intro from the "temple". They are Wugulun Kung Fu Academy and Xin Yi Ba Research Society.
The Angles of Shaolin
Visit of the Shaolin temple is definitely worth it. But the less you know, the more you will like it. Otherwise, you would not see the amazing kung fu shows on every corner, monks crossing your path in the temple or the dedication of the number of schools around. You would probably see hundreds and thousands of Chinese children, in dirty cloth of the same red color, doing the same movements. Occasionally, you would see a coach, with not a very fit figure, holding his student on a ground in some painful stretching pose, meanwhile checking his phone. You would also see many kids with very poor basics, such as rising their heels when they are not supposed to, and no one corrects them. They will spend years in the school, maybe without winning any competition and therefore a place in some performing team, or a job among coaches. Only a fraction of them will, and that is enough here. In Shaolin, or rather in Deng Feng (the town nearby) I was going to visit three schools. All of them said they are traditional wushu schools. It turned out I was not so much welcomed in one of them, because “the kung fu students are not friendly to visitors” and “they are now busy training for a movie cast”. It is not necessary to note that I was not very unhappy that I have to skip this one. My path then lead to a school called The Shaolin Wugulun Kung Fu Academy, a school focusing on the Xin Yi Ba style. The taxi failed to find the school, so they had to come down to a main road to pick me up. Basically there is no road going there, it is a small dusty path going up to the hills. Then you arrive to the small number of buildings with a big gate; nothing else around. Hills on one side, mountains on the other. And it’s freezing. They introduced me to a student I came for, who was Canadian, not European, how it turned out. Anyway, I decided to stay for a few days to explore this school. I was given a uniform; nothing like a sport tracksuit as in the schools down there in Deng Feng. Grey trousers and shirts with buttons, too short for my legs and too big for the top. 5.40 wake up, 5.50 clean up, 7.10 breakfast. Training in the morning and afternoon. Lights out at 9pm. Except for the one foreigner, there are only kids now. This is striking to my eyes, no adults. The coaches themselves are very young. The kids have additional hours of reading, prayers and classrooms. They live here and study, study kung fu and Zen (Chan). The discipline is very strict. Before every specific time, the gong sounds. For the meals, everyone que up in lines, waiting up to 10 minutes outside before the coach in the front let you inside. No talking during the meal. The food is awesome! Mainly vegetarian, but I definitely did not suffer from hunger. During the eating it was especially interesting for me to watch. Since it is not allowed to talk and the kids have to present their empty bowls to the coach, before they can go wash it, there is still a lot of communication going around. One boy knocks on the table in front of the other one sitting in front of him. He picks up something with his chopsticks, the other boy nods his head and takes it from him. They exchange food they don’t like, or even share soup, tissues, water. Without talking. After my initial suffering from mushrooms I also learned how to use this international language and got rid of them. Also, the tables need to stay clean. After the boys (and one girl) finish their meal, they carefully examine their spot and wipe away and drop of soup they would left. Tissues are the main business commodity. The little guys (some as little as 7 years) use them for cleaning the tables and every time they have to rise up their hand during the training. “I need to go to the toilet!” they announce (or I suppose). They would go around and ask who is this time having some tissues in their pockets. After few days I understand fully. The room is cold and the shower is either, so I got cold and need lots of tissues for my running nose. The last day I found one more package of them, and that was the happiest moment of the day. The practice is nothing you would imagine. The pace is very slow, like in tai ji. We spent literally dozens of minutes up to hours only standing in different stances. Or going slowly to an bow stance, focusing on every join and centimeter of the spine. Each of the trainings begins with a simple standing, focusing on the breath. “Breath, relax. Focus on spirit,” writes the coach into his phone translater to show me. Few of them speak English, surprisingly good one, and are ready to explain anything. Most of the time you would however find yourself in a solitude, cleaning the floor, standing in pose similar to the Zhan Zhuang Qi Gong, or reading. Because since the prayers and reading with kids are all in Chinese, there is a lot of free time beside the training. It is not physically difficult, not in the terms you would feel exhausted. No stretch kicks, no running. But you would feel tired from the close examination of your body every time you try to move slowly. And the whole place may be challenging for somebody, not far away from my imaginations of a simple monk’s life. When I arrived, master Wu Nanfang explained to me that they practice Zen kung fu. Where other schools focus only on the wushu aspects and already lost any Zen included in it, here they put it on the first place. And they use kung fu as the way for doing it. “But it is not like you would practice on a specific place during specific time. It is about practicing the whole time, it is the way of life. How you stand, how you walk, how you breathe.” Master cannot speak English; his eyes are sparkling while his student and coach translates. “So, it may look slow or not so beautiful, what we do here.” Interestingly, they would use the term “zen” instead of “chan”. In the morning, it is still dark and boys slowly and covered in layers walk to the bathroom. It is a one room for everyone, without hot water. It is very cold. After they brush their teeth, they start to sweep the ground, or wash the floor. The smaller guys sweep the leaves and dust from the backyard, since it is easier for them then lift a bucket of water. Still, some of them are fighting with the broom, almost bigger than themselves. Even when the practice is slow and sometimes boring (“it is very boring, I know”, said one of the teacher with smile) the kids don’t stop. The coaches serve as educators at the same time, taking care of them the whole day. They are not beaten; I saw only few punishments as jumping frogs up to stairs. During one of the breaks I tear off a piece of grass and whistle on it. After a while, a dozen of kids are making a horrible noise, too. They are laughing so hard, and after every next funny sound they explode in laughter again. I think, the coaches did not like very much that moment… One of them agrees to introduce the style on a camera, and you can see it in the coming video. “When I was a kid,” he said, “I saw Jet Li and the Shaolin temple on TV. It was all fast! Running and jumping, so fancy. So when I came here ten years ago, I was so surprised when master told me to just stand there, like a tree.” They also do some fighting, but only sometimes and among the older students, coaches, who are trained directly by the shifu. They don’t use protective gears. Students do some jumps, conditionings and short runs, too, but is very different to the approach of the other schools. “We are not wushu school.” I was little bit disappointed I did not see any adult practitioners, because that is a good way how to judge the quality of the school and proof its lineage. However I saw only the kids staying there and their very young coaches. Hopefully, some adults who practice are in the village nearby. Still in Dengfeng, I checked out the second school: The Xin Yi Ba Research Society. These two are supposed to practice the same style, however their approach is different. When you arrive you already see the kids wearing sport tracksuits and doing lots of stretch kicks and basics, very similar to every school around. One student there, a foreigner, told me that the parents expect the school to teach like this. They need this “wushu basics” and the depth of knowledge these kids get is not very deep. But there are always some “other”students, like himself, or adults I met, coming from China. They come to study directly with the shifu and are treated differently, what I heard. After I watched the kids, I moved outside the walls of the school, to watch these students training. The master injured his neck recently, so he could not really perform during the practice. They were discussing some mechanical principles and power transition, which was very clearly different way of teaching than of those students inside the school. These adults then independently worked on their techniques, such as one movement, principle, meanwhile the kids on the other side of the wall kept going through their forms and jumping kicks. Still, it was very cold. The European student told me, that during the winter it was -10˚C, and they kept practicing outside. That time, the school was closed but he was staying with the master and his family. While I was taking pictures, shifu walked through the children’s crowd to find his adult students, and he stopped by this European. He was practicing his own things, next to the kids. Shifu corrected his technique and showed him the usage, discussed something and watched him going through the corrections. After that, he continued on his way out the school. Meanwhile the kids followed their coaches, young energetic males in their 20s. “This is my first experience with kung fu” the European said. “And it’s crazy. The kids here are using some simplified movements, but if you really want to understand, you have to spend three years only on the basics. And then, commit the whole life to it.” After a cold week in Deng Feng I was looking forward to move back to south. I changed my plans and instead of going to Yangshuo, where I was in contact with one tai ji school, I went to Foshan. There I stayed with a friend who moved there from Europe, to live and practice. During my stay I also did my most crazy interview, on a taxi from Guangzhou to Foshan at 3am. Another thing I was looking forward was the fact that people would stop using the term “Shaolin temple” as a magic formula, especially when talking about the school’s history, but rather with skepticism. And so, I went to Foshan.
Video: Kung Fu in Wudangshan
During my research field trip, I visited master Yuan's school in Wudangshan. You can see Wednesday's test of progress, featuring the great young practitioner whom the foreign students started to call "The Dragon Boy". You will recognize him when you see him. Enjoy!
Traditional class in Wudang
After the few days in the school of master Chen in Wudang I moved on to the school of master Yuan Xiu Gang. Frozen, I was looking forward to have a hot shower, and I also had a kind of coming home feeling. It was, of course, absolutely inappropriate for me to have such feeling, because I never practiced Wudang style myself, nor I spent any longer period of time in the school in Wudang. But few years ago, on a competition in China I met this group of foreigners from master Yuan’s school. Then, year or two later I was traveling in China and went also to Wudang. One of those foreigner students helped me to get a room in the school and so I could meet them all again. They were doing a 5-years program in the school, “an international traditional class”. That time I was not aware of what “traditional class” really means here, but this time I found out. I arrived and it was weird not to see those people around; the program ended already. I was put into a “health class”, whatever that means, and was going to “learn” a qi gong form. There were 16 foreign students, all in the health class. After few pointers to the mysterious traditional class, I was going to have a look on their training. “How many foreigners are there?” I asked. “None,” they said. “I was training with them for 2 months, but I want to ask to do it again in September,” said one young guy. It turned out that the mysterious traditional class is the most intense one you could get at this school. You have to be very serious about your training and allow the coaches to treat you in the same way as they treat their Chinese students. The content of the training is more or less similar with the health class, but with a bigger intensity and longer period of time during the day. Or, if I put it this way, where the health class is welcome to join morning qi gong and can review in the evening after dinner, the traditional class has no choice. Except for the training, they also have to learn the Chinese flute and calligraphy. During the day, the independent sounds of flutes’ voices resonated through the floors of the building, when the students practiced few songs over and over again. In the evening, they would all have a class in the dining room. It was quite romantic atmosphere in the evening, when the dark was getting stronger around the outlines of the nearby temple, people were sitting on the backyard of the school, talking or going through their tai ji, and there you heard the whole group of flutes. Stretch kicks again play a crucial role of the training. Two hours in the morning and two in the afternoon, that is the main class. First hour of each of them is for the kicks and occasionally some jumps, or for the basic stances and punches. After that, as common, people go back to their own sets and forms, practicing tai ji, ba gua, Five animals’ qi gong… The main coach of the health class is Gao, a Chinese guy who can speak English. It is surprising how different he is from shishou of the previous school; they are like yin and yang. Gao is talkative, doing lots of jokes and enjoying to push his student here and there little more. If he does not like what you are doing, he lets you finish and then he announces: “No.” Every Wednesday there is a test of progress, which takes place in front of the beautiful temple. Master Yuan would watch all the students of the traditional class, performing what they are currently working on, including their flutes. Students of the health class perform too, after they finish the set they are learning or simply when they feel like that. “Relax. Keep breathing,” Yuan shifu warmly encouraged each of the foreign students, so after it is over, I hear some of them saying with a newly gained courage: “Oh, I should have performed too. Next week!” Watching all the performances is a great experience. It is only a good managing strategy too. Not only the students get some pressure and learn how to deal with it, but master Yuan sees what his coaches are doing with each of the small groups of students, and even the coaches have some overview what is happening. What is more, they have to perform too. Even more precious was for me the opportunity to watch a Discipleship ceremonial the next day. Not only in Wudang, some schools in different part of China still do the Bai Shi (Bai Si) ceremony to accept new students. But that is the topic of the next post…
Video: Beijing Wushu Team
Time to Put Hands on. In Wudang
To start with, I do not want to contribute to the discussion of the (non)Wudang styles. I am now in the middle of my field work in China and that brings me to places where foreigners practice their wushu, either modern or traditional (kung fu). In that sense Wudang seems to be a logical step. I contacted first several schools via email to find out if they have any European students during the time and finally was welcomed by two of them. Not exploring origin of any style, but really only the practice itself through people’s experience and its overreach to their life. I could join the training group too, which is typically much better for the trust and the whole atmosphere, even when it makes my body suffer (and my soul happy). The first school I visited was China Wudang Kungfu Academy. I stayed for three days and the first emotion I had to deal with was shame – when coaches found out how short I will stay, I could see the negative thoughts they suddenly had about me. Time is a big topic in the (traditional) wushu. Therefore, when the international students asked me how long I will stay, I said: “Three days. I came for enlightenment.” After the ice was broken I told them about my research and as I am used to with the traditional wushu people, they were willing to help with the project. Thank you again guys! Picture Cheng Shi Yi Shishou Here, like in the other Wudang schools, people stay for some time – from weeks to years – and practice. Only practice. When I was visiting, there was actually a problem with electricity so there was literally nothing else to do than practice. That means that only the training kept me warm, because we were without heating, hot water and light as well. Candle light for sure made it a special memory for me. So, the schedule is like this: After breakfast, there are two hours of training, lunch, two hours of training, dinner, one hour of training. In summer, there is an additional hour before the breakfast. I could finally join the training and with the two weeks spent on train, hostels and not training at all, the first session was a pain (and the others too). The head of this schools is master Chen Shi Xing and the main coach is Cheng Shi Yi; students call him shishou, uncle. He would chose for you your own coach. But he himself will take care of the first hour of every training session and the evening. That is his thing. For my short experience it involved stretch kicks, kicks, other kicks, (lots of kicks), splits (a lot of them), standing in the stances, punching into the boxing pads… Interesting here is the structure of the class and the role of the teacher. Shishou is walking in between all the students, correcting and giving instructions. All the coaches are active, practicing too or at least showing some sequences. Shishou does not smile much. When I arrived, I notice that everyone respects him a lot. In his thirties, it is him who the whole class wait for while stretching. He would watch them quietly and then order to move one. After one hour of the basics, there is a short pause and forms begin. Here the coaches take the main role and take care of their small groups of practitioners. My coach kept an eye one me two or three times per that hour, which I consider quite fair. Shishou came once to check out, and then watched from the distance few more times. You feel like they have the control. When I asked the foreigners, they said they feel like shishou care about the students (both Chinese and non-Chinese). The discipline was very strict, that surprised me. However the atmosphere was very family like. The second main training is similar to the first one, except for the beginning where there are tai ji basics. In the evening it is a review class, which typically involved even more stretching and pain. And some fun, as when you try to kick a pad but cannot see it because the lights do not work… I saw the coaches and shishou performed few times, or played a little when they were more free and every time their movements wowed me. This school is new, and has only handful of foreign students. They interact naturally with the locals, most of them can speak at least some Chinese. Different from the modern wushu groups, some people came here because they have health problems. Some of them were even told it is not going to be better by the doctors. So they decided to think otherwise and came here. They join all the trainings and all the exercises, just sometimes with a lower speed/power or a smaller range of motion. They getting healthier, I became to be a bit sick out of the cold and constant travelling. But nothing could make me better than a warm breakfast: dumplings, spicy something and bean sprouts, and one hour of kicking. It is really interesting to watch the “education” of those people who were practicing here, both students and mainly the coaches. I now mean how educated they were in terms of knowing other styles. Shishou asked me what style I originally practice and even though he wasn’t sure about this one, he immediately asked if it is close to the choy lee fut. Sadly I do not have this experience with the modern wushu so far.
Sometimes I wonder if at the recruitment center for elderly Chinese kung fu masters one of the requirement is a super wide smile. Because that is exactly how master Di Guo Yong welcomed me, and what I have experienced so many times with other teachers before. I went to Beijing with a clear goal in my mind: modern wushu, and I did not expect to meet a group practicing traditional style of Xing Yi at the backyard of the building block. Master Di's long-term student and technical manager for IWUF, Byron Jacobs, invited me to see the “Saturday’s practice”. This group meets regularly every weekend on Saturday and Sunday morning, outside on the cobblestones, no matter what weather it is. “There is cold, cold, cold. Two weeks spring. And hot, hot, hot,” another foreigner said with a hero face. I was feeling cold in February, but that was already after the snow was gone. Difficult to imagine how they practice in such environment. “No one else do, only us,” he said laughing. The group consisted of three foreigners and Chinese men in their retirement age except for one young guy. Two of the foreigners live in Beijing and are fluent both in Chinese, as well as in adapting to the local way of life. One of them in a joke pointed out that the visiting friend of theirs is wearing fei yue shoes, a favorite footwear for martial artists; not so great for almost frozen Beijing concrete. Di Guo Yong shifu approached me with a big smile and encouraged me several times to ask questions. No one needed to encourage him to flood me with his own Chinese, fortunately the students hurried up to help and translated. The training was a typical example of traditional style’s practice. To start with, there was no “structure” and no time limit. I am not saying that it was a chaos; each student did his own thing and the shifu went around and corrected. It was like an individual lesson in a group a of people. The training was over when it was time for a lunch and shifu announced he is leaving. When we arrived, people were stretching and warming up and some more came later. Each of the student independently started working on his own skills; there was no group practice. Sometimes people crossed hands and went through the applications, other times they moved continuously in between the form, basics and conditioning. They all trained in their free time and meet each other on weekends; in traditional wushu it is not so common to teach full-time. It was surprising for me to see that the forms were not practiced the most of the time; I saw them but much less than I would expected. Major part of the training took basics and principles, single movements and core motions, repeated and repeated. The pace was in the hands of practitioners. However, it was much more convenient to keep moving to not to freeze. ere was one spear, long and heavy, that few of the participants use. Except for that, few bricks from the near wall served as weight for weight training, and I especially liked the elastic ropes. People used them for both kicking and punching, stretched over the back or attached to a firm object. “For the feeling,” they said, when one of them attached the elastics to his leg and practiced the punch with stepping forward. They offered me to try that, so I did, not having much idea what should the correct technique look like. Definitely my leg had more feeling than my zero technique was able to bear. Master Di Guo Yong did not lose his positivism during the practice and even after few hours on the wind he was fresh and smiling. “When the day is windy, don’t crouch. Stand tall!” he said. The foreign student explained to me that he is a very caring person and laughed: “In winter he would pull up your trousers to see if you are wearing enough.” My guide then noted that even though he is famous, it is not so easy to find him. The best option is to come through someone’s recommendation. This unexpected encounter left me with a happy heart. I watched the morning practice with curiosity, moving around to keep warm. A little bit the world of Xing Yi has opened up for me. Even though I would wish my sport shoes had thicker soles than those fei yue… Here is a video about Xing Yi and Master Di's long term student Byron Jacobs, living and practicing in Beijing.
Wushu as study major is a dream come true for some foreigners coming to China. Big cities offer this possibility and so it guided my steps (or rather railways) to Shanghai and Beijing. Here I got to see two universities: Beijing Sport University and Beijing Capital University of Physical Education. However, in Beijing I still did not join any training, so the further text is a kind of observation/description; training experience came later during my other stops of the field trip. In the Beijing Sport University the space for wushu is huge. Actually the biggest I have seen so far. They have one building for sanda and the other one for taolu; inside there are two gyms, each holding four carpets. When I was there, there was a different lesson on each of the carpet. I could watch a training of a group of foreigners. This group are not students of the university, working on their degree, but they pay for the wushu training, as one of my informant explained. They have practice every day, but the wushu major students practice three times a week. Here the lesson was controlled by the coach. It was the first case of this I saw. The assistant coach explained what to do and did it too, while the main coach was standing aside and watching. Here and there she shouted some comments on the students. I talked about it with the friendly guy who joined my research. It seems a Chinese (or Asian?) thing to stand aside and watch, while my previous experience from Europe is about much bigger control and structure from the side of the teacher. “In the teams, the level is high and so the coach watch only the small details. He pays attention to them and then tells the athlete to fix it. They don’t need to be instructed anymore”, he replied. He further noted that the positive relationship with teachers can make a big difference, such as being able to train with university team. “It is a big misconception of the foreigners that if they come and even their skills are very good, they can be in the university team. No, it depends on your relationships with those coaches. Because it is Chinese wushu. They feel it is theirs.” Big focus was paid to the stretching and kicking, next to the other carpets where the Chinese meanwhile pulled out the swords or went through their routine. Most of those going through this training were foreigners, but also few of them were Chinese graduate students of that main coach. The atmosphere seemed to be very friendly. When going back to the dormitory, my informant said: “This is my home now.” The Capital University offers a big hall with rolled up wushu carpets; another martial arts and sport are practiced there too. I watched a training of the bachelor degree’s course. It took one hour and basically the students did some warm up with stretch kicks and then basics and jumps. Few of the students would finish their lines of basics with a jump or a kick, excited about the training. But most of the students were typical university students taking their mandatory course. Next to us, a sanda group was learning some wushu basics. They suffered when they had to stand in mabu, and the coach happily pushed them lower and counted until they could stand up again. Counted to ten. There was only one sanda girl, among all the sanda guys. In the wushu group, girls made groups with girls and boys with boys. They practice for one hour three times per week, as a wushu major students. Finally, they did some sit ups and pushups. And this was the first time I saw them doing pushups, except for the Beijing wushu team who is said to have special power training. This was my last stop for modern wushu. The next target: foreigners in Wudangshan, Shaolin and Foshan. I decided to change my previous plan and instead of going to a tai ji school in Yangshuo I will travel to Foshan and get swallowed by the familiar southern styles of kung fu.
In Beijing I visited three places connected with the modern wushu: the Sport University, the Capital University and the Beijing wushu team. Thanks to a big help (thank you again!) I could contact one of the coaches of the Beijing wushu team. He said he cannot speak English much, but he was fluent when we met. That was really good, because I could ask questions, and I did. I watched one of the morning trainings, amazed that I witness the Beijing wushu team. Even when you practice traditional styles, which is something completely different, you must have heard about them. The coach proudly announced they believe to be the best in the world, and I guess many would agree. The Beijing wushu team is not inside any university, but a sports school. The institution is new, fancy, very well equipped. Inside the wushu gym, there are three carpets. They have eight teams. A and B in both junior and senior age groups. Juniors are kids who still attend schools, so they practice usually only in the evening/afternoon. Adults are professional; it is their job. Each team has several coaches. The one I was watching had three. The friendly coach who was talking to me, once an athlete himself, is now in his almost 30 years working as a coach. He seemed to be very proud about the power training. Learning from other sports, such as golf of basketball and studying some coaching techniques abroad, he said: “We need to look for the new way of coaching”. The group warmed up with the classical stretching kicks. But the coach pointed out, that doing it every day again and again isn’t good for the athletes. “Their mind is asleep. The body is not warmed up inside.” They therefore use some other ways too, such us elastic bands or rollers. This group consisted of changquan players, on the carpet next to them there is nanquan. “They are around 20 years old, the oldest is 28,” said the coach. They practice wushu three hours per day in the morning, and they have power training two hours a day in the afternoon. Six times a week. Someone’s phone was playing calm but happy songs, some pop. Everyone usually performed few techniques or a jump on a carpet and moved away to make place for the others. It was indeed calm, no pressure, with sudden explosion of energy when they pushed little more on the carpet. Their eyes shined and their body exploded in speed and power. And then they went into slow pace again. Joking around, training hard but in slow pace. Anyone could tell that they like what they are doing, or at least most of them. Coaches was standing or sitting aside, typically for the Chinese coaches they did not involve much. Few times the nanquan group got under a closer examination of the coach. Otherwise they literally had the training in their hands. After their retirement, most of them will become coaches and teachers, some will try their luck as actors and stuntmen. It is a risky life, from the beginning till the end, with no firm future. In the beginning it is stressful for them too. Since there is a policy not allowing registered athletes of Beijing to join other cities and countries’ teams, every talented kid is registered for Beijing as soon as possible. If the kid however cannot perform well enough to become a professional in the Beijing team, he or she cannot think about the career in the other teams. Still, you have to admire the tough work put into their training, even knowing it will end one day. They practice without being controlled by the coach, with lots of positive energy and focus. This kind of strong will will last long after. “I want to improve my English,” said the Chinese young coach with fluent English. “And when I am 30, learn Spanish.” He is very interested into the new methods of training and coaching. “It is about the problem. You have to know, where the problem is. Find it out, where it really is. And then the athlete can fix it.”
Wushu in Shanghai
Shanghai was the first stop on my 1 month trip. It was very short, I spent 4 days there, in a hurry to continue north. Thanks to my great gatekeepers and participants, I could visit two places connected with the modern wushu. The first one was Shanghai University of Sport. My informant used to be a wushu major student and took me inside to see the gyms. In China, several universities offer wushu as studying major for their sport students. Sometimes it may be included in a bigger group of sports, elsewhere it is a single major. It also varies how much these students can get to try some traditional style. Shanghai University of Sport is a big place, where, wow, there is a single building only for ping pong! In one of the buildings there is a wushu museum. Definitely nice to visit if you are nearby. Here they have two gyms for the wushu training, which are further divided. If I counted right, there are 8 wushu carpets. That is something. I came in the end of February, so just after the Spring festival holiday. Even though in Hong Kong this is a short festival, here it is much longer, around 1 month. The week I came was just a first week of the classes and so the wushu class I visited was relaxed. The teacher explained that it was the first lesson, so the students were not pushing too much while practicing the basics; I saw some sweeps, jumps a stretch kicks. Next doors a group of tai ji class went through some applications, which surprised me positively. They also looked like in a holiday mood. Later they performed a set too, where suddenly the level was much higher. In the second gym, one half was not open for our eyes and the other was full of the university wushu team members, however going through qi gong. It seemed I will not see much of modern wushu in Shanghai, which I was curious about as a purely traditional wushu practitioner. With another participants of my research I visited the Shanghai Sport Institute. This was much smaller and only occupying a part of the building. Only two carpets here, but I could not notice that all the equipment including the carpets are new. The coach wasn’t there – the wushu player set a goal with him and would not meet him before reaching this ultimatum. Otherwise, I was explained, they cannot move further. In both cases the training took around 1,5-2 hours. And it took me another 15 hours on a sleeping train to continue further north, to Beijing. Here I will soon visit the Beijing wushu team, sport university and capital university of physical education. I also had some unexpected encounter with traditional wushu...